The potential of a herbicide resistant maize technology for Striga control in Africa

Striga is an obligate parasitic weed that attacks cereal crops in sub-Saharan Africa. In Western Kenya, it has been identified by farmers as their major pest problem in maize. A new technology, consisting of coating seed of imidazolinone resistant (IR) maize varieties with the imidazolinone herbicide, imazapyr, has proven to be very effective in controlling Striga on farmer fields. To bring this technology to the farmer, a sustainable delivery system needs to be developed, preferably with substantial participation of the private sector. To help extension agents and seed companies to develop appropriate strategies, the potential for this technology was analyzed by combining different data sources into a Geographic Information System (GIS). Superimposing secondary data, field surveys, agricultural statistics and farmer surveys made it possible to clearly identify the Striga-prone areas in western Kenya. Results found that Striga affected a maize area of 246,000 ha annually, with a population of 6.4 million people and maize production of 580,000 tons, or 81 kg/person. Population density in this area is high at 359 people/km². A survey of 123 farmers revealed that 70% of them have Striga in their fields. A contingent valuation (CV) survey indicated that farmers would, on average, be willing to buy 3.67 kg of the IR-maize seed each at current seed prices, sufficient to sow 44% of their maize area. By extrapolation over the maize area in the zone, total potential demand for IR-maize seed is estimated at 2000–2700 tons annually. Similar calculations, but based on much less precise data and expert opinion rather than farmer surveys or trials, gives an estimate of the potential demand for IR-maize seed in Africa of 153,000 tons.     

桉树及其无性系引种的调查

对2006年以来引种的桉树及其无性系,取样地调查其生长量,纪录冻害、病虫害,讨论了2007年生长量较差的原因。     

植物保护对粮食安全的影响分析

概述了粮食安全概念的发展和演变,阐述了有害生物对粮食安全的种种危害,论述了植物保护对粮食安全的重大贡献,同时分析了以化学农药为主要防治手段的植物保护对粮食安全的各种负面影响,以及抗性转基因作物生产对粮食安全可能产生的危害,指出植物保护是影响粮食安全的重要因素。进而提出了实施可持续植保,促进粮食安全的应对之策。     

陕西省主要农作物病虫害计算机管理系统（SCDPM）

SCDPM是陕西省小麦、玉米、粟、棉花、油菜病虫害的计算机管理系统,是为植保推广人员设计的。当用户输入简单初始数据后,即可直接获得未来病虫为害程度和何时应采取的防治措施。共包括1个主程序15个子程序,占用15K,外加数据贮存。经过三年验证后,现已开始投入生产试用。     

皖北果区3种害虫(螨)的发生态势与防治对策

阐述了皖北果区近年相继发生,为害日趋严重的３种害虫（螨）——二斑叶螨、梨黄粉蚜、金纹细蛾的发生规律及为害特点,并提出综合防治措施。     

Transgenic crops: Engineering a more sustainable agriculture?

Transgenic crops currently available foruse potentially provide environmental benefits, suchas reduction in insecticide use and substitution ofless toxic for more toxic herbicides. These benefitsare contingent on a host of factors, such as thepotential for development of resistant pests,out-crossing to weedy relatives, and transgenic cropmanagement regimes. Three scenarios are used toexamine the potential sustainability of transgeniccrop technologies. These scenarios demonstrate thatexisting transgenic varieties, while potentiallyimproving the sustainability of agriculture relativeto existing chemical based production systems, fail inenabling a fully sustainable agriculture. Genetictraits that have a higher potential for promoting asustainable agriculture have been precluded fromdevelopment for a number of reasons. These include thelack of EPA and USDA regulatory policies thatexplicitly promote sustainable traits; the structureof the agricultural biotechnology industry, which isdominated by agricultural chemical companies; andpatent law and industry policies that proscribe farmhouseholds from saving transgenic seed and tailoringtransgenic crops to their local environmentalconditions – ecological, social, and economic.     

利用高压静电杀灭瓜绢螟的优化试验

为了避免农药残留带来的危害，采用高压静电放电法杀灭黄瓜植株害虫—瓜绢螟。设计传统农药灭虫和高压静电放电灭虫两个试验，用于对比、分析两种方法处理后的效果。结果表明，高压静电放电法灭虫率可达63.55%~70.44%，虽低于农药灭虫，但无毒无害，且对天敌瓢虫的影响不大。通过正交优化，确定最优灭虫电压、灭虫时间和灭虫距离，在最优参数下，对瓜绢螟杀灭率可达78%。     

不同测报工具对吉林省粘虫监测效果研究

通过比较3种测报工具(诱蛾器、虫情测报灯、高空探照灯)对吉林省粘虫成虫的诱捕效果,结合卵巢解剖技术确定粘虫虫源类型,探讨适用于吉林省各虫源类型粘虫的监测工具。结果表明,吉林省的粘虫成虫可分为迁入型、混合型、迁出型3种虫源类型。3种测报工具均能有效监测粘虫成虫发生的相对高峰期。以诱集数量为标准,针对迁入型虫源,选择诱蛾器、高空探照灯为测报工具;针对混合型虫源,虫情测报灯诱捕效果较好;针对迁出型虫源,选择虫情测报灯、诱蛾器为适宜的测报工具。     

土壤添加生物质炭对黏虫生长发育和生殖的影响

为探究土壤添加生物质炭对植食性咀嚼式口器害虫的影响,选用黏虫为研究对象,设0、15、30和50g·kg~(-1)四个土壤添加生物质炭处理,对盆栽种植的麦苗接初孵黏虫幼虫,观察和分析幼虫生长发育和成虫生殖力的变化。结果表明,随生物质炭施用量的增大,黏虫幼虫发育历期呈线性缩短趋势,50g·kg~(-1)生物质炭处理下幼虫发育历期为19.0d,较不添加生物质炭处理下降6.5%。黏虫蛹鲜重随生物质炭添加量增大呈线性减小趋势,其中50g·kg~(-1)生物质炭处理下雌虫蛹鲜重为0.28g,较不添加生物质炭处理下降12.5%。施加生物质炭对黏虫的化蛹率(平均69.89%)和羽化率(92.08%)无显著影响。但随生物质炭施用量的增大,黏虫产卵量呈线性增大的趋势,50g·kg~(-1)生物质炭处理产卵量为605粒,较不添加生物质炭处理下增加近3.3倍。以上结果说明,施用生物质炭有提高黏虫生殖潜力的作用。     

雁门关畜牧生态区青贮玉米绿色生产标准化栽培技术

生物产量高、纤维品质好、持绿性好的生物特性是青贮玉米所具备的，且其干物质和水分含量适宜用厌氧发酵的方法进行封闭。近年来，国家出台相关农业政策，调整农业结构，这为青贮玉米的发展提供了良好的机遇。本文介绍了青贮玉米的种植前景，并从适合播种品种、播种条件、病虫防治、田间管理、降灾防控等方面对青贮玉米的栽培技术措施进行了介绍。